{"id":26939,"date":"2023-11-24T09:43:09","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T09:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/?p=26939"},"modified":"2023-11-27T09:50:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T09:50:51","slug":"opinion-technologies-can-solve-eudr-issues-to-protect-global-forests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2023\/11\/24\/opinion-technologies-can-solve-eudr-issues-to-protect-global-forests\/","title":{"rendered":"OPINION: Technologies Can Solve EUDR Issues To Protect Global Forests"},"content":{"rendered":"

This is a key time to protect global forests. While pressure is still strong on many key global ecosystems, such as the Amazon and Borneo, the significant results of governments such as Lula\u2019s in Brazil, as well as the ambitious vision of policies such as the recently enacted \u00a0EU\u2019s Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR),<\/a> show that the devastating trend of deforestation of the past decades can indeed be reversed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yet, a set of tools needs to be delivered to support this new wave of action to protect global forests, which has been triggered by raising awareness of the climate and biodiversity crises \u2013 a mix of social, economic and political, but also technological instruments. New technologies can indeed be a game changer in protecting global forests, if adequately understood and implemented: while some can significantly reduce the costs of once expensive activities, such as monitoring large territories, others can achieve what was otherwise impossible in the past, such as easily checking the origin of legal or illegal timber.<\/p>\n

It will be however necessary to address a series of obstacles \u2013 from a policy, legal, but also cultural perspectives \u2013 as well as to understand the interaction of such technologies with social and political aspects, for them to be fully effective.<\/p>\n

Technologies to fight deforestation<\/strong><\/p>\n

While deforestation is almost entirely caused by the expansion of global agriculture (up to 90 percent of total clearings),<\/a> failure to prevent it has been due to a number of issues: the cost of monitoring vast or inaccessible territories, such as the core of the Amazon or Indonesia\u2019s islands, the lack of effectiveness of enforcement by authorities at all levels, corruption and the relative easiness in evading national and international regulations (also due to their complexity, as in the case of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species \u2013 CITES).<\/p>\n

Technology helps in a number of ways: it reduces the need for specialization, as many activities can be automatized (such as checking documents through QR codes). It also provides incontrovertible proof of deforestation, raising global awareness on the issue: this has been the case of the sharp increase in the Amazon deforestation under the Bolsonaro administration, which was accurately documented through satellite imagery analysis.<\/p>\n

It can significantly reduce the cost of monitoring activities and the need for personnel in often understaffed entities, such as NGOs or environmental agencies; drones can cover in a few hours areas that would take entire days to teams on foot. New, experimental technologies also allow for results that were once considered impossible: scanners being now developed by the Spanish police SEPRONA will allow customs officers to trace the origin of wood and eventually declare its legal or illegal origin only by using mobile phones.<\/a><\/p>\n

While the technologies being applied in the sector are many indeed, a few are particularly promising. Satellite imagery analysis is by far the most relevant and most extensively used. While natural photos are now being coupled with artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor deforestation patterns on a weekly or even daily basis (as in the case of the Forest Watcher app),<\/a> multispectral images offer new insights that were once impossible even to think of.<\/p>\n

Drones have helped with patrolling, but they also have other applications, especially if they use advanced instruments (as in the case of the thermal and multispectral cameras now available also on commercial agricultural drones). Among experimental technologies, scanners for the recognition of the origin of timber are instead using DNA and isotope technologies \u2013 two methods that can trace the timber sample to the specific region where the tree grew and was harvested.<\/p>\n

While DNA and isotope technologies are relatively consolidated and, if used in conjunction, have an extremely low margin of error,<\/a> they also require a significant mapping of forest areas to create the database that will be used to determine the actual origin of timber. This in turn requires a solid collaboration between different authorities \u2013 particularly between those in the countries producing the timber and those in the countries buying it \u2013 which has historically proved complicated.<\/p>\n

While all these methods proved effective over the years, many are indeed the obstacles still ahead. Authorities sometimes do not accept them as valid proof in investigations \u2013 this has been the case of several environmental investigations in France, for instance \u2013 while their implementation is sometimes impeded by bureaucracy or outdated legislation. This is the case for commercial drones: their technology has made giant leaps in the past ten years, but laws and environmental applications by national authorities are generally based on the low-autonomy drones of the 2010s.<\/p>\n

Sometimes obstacles are also cultural: technologies are perceived as expensive or inaccessible, even if quick advancements have remarkably changed the landscape in recent years (as again in the case of drones, but also concerning the availability and definition of satellite images). Politics also plays a role: data supplied from sensors, satellite images or drones have in many cases been denied or disregarded by public authorities. Bolsonaro\u2019s administration even tried to accuse its own National Institute for Spatial Research, the INPE, of manipulation.<\/p>\n

The case of Indonesia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Indonesia has long faced issues in addressing the deforestation problem.<\/p>\n

The management of forests and the landscape has been thus entangled with significant political and economic interests, some even dating back to the dictatorship time of President Soeharto.<\/a> Technology is thus key for Indonesia to fight an issue that is still plaguing its ample and often inaccessible forest. The tools being applied in the country are mostly three: satellite imagery analysis, drones and apps.<\/p>\n

Satellite images have been extensively used in the past decade and are an established tool throughout all levels of analysis \u2013 institutions, international NGOs such as the World Conservation Society (WCS), but also local NGOs. Professors such as Bambang Hero Saharjo from the IPB University have been using satellite data also to conduct investigations and produce evidence for criminal trials against companies illegally clearing forests to plant palm oil (and other crops).<\/p>\n

Local NGOs such as Jikalahari (based in the Riau province of Sumatra) or Titian (in West Kalimantan, part of the Indonesian Borneo) use a mix of the NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) and the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-2 data to detect \u201chotspots\u201d \u2013 that is, large fires on agricultural or forest land \u2013 in real time. The staff from these NGOs then selects the most relevant locations and tries to understand the entity of the fire first through a network of local informers, and then perform a final check on the field using drones. Photos and videos are then used as evidence in investigations run by national agencies.<\/p>\n

Technologies are also supporting the sustainable production of commodities. Apps such as KoltiTrace by the agri service provider Koltiva<\/a> allow for the geo-localization of the production of coffee, so that buyers can trace the origin of the commodity to legal plantations outside protected forests (this being also one of the key legal requirements of the EUDR). Farms on mountainous terrain, such as those in South Sumatra, are testing drones to map large areas in a short time.<\/p>\n

While all these tools are promising and are already bringing results, it is worth noting that they do not exist in a vacuum: politicians and agencies can ignore the data provided by satellites and drones, for instance. This is an ongoing issue in Indonesia, where the government often overestimated the impact of its regulations against deforestation and underestimated the rate of cutting, in contrast with data supplied from satellite imagery.<\/p>\n

Looking ahead<\/strong><\/p>\n

In order for the anti-deforestation technologies to be fully effective, it will be necessary to implement a series of complementary measures: economic incentives should be provided for sustainable farming, while the cost of using these technologies should not fall entirely on farmers, but be equally distributed throughout the supply chain.<\/p>\n

In theory this is already the case with most certification schemes and policies such as the EUDR \u2013 the final buyer of the commodity has the duty to perform training and tracing, and to bear the cost for this, while also giving farmers a premium price for their sustainability efforts.<\/p>\n

However, in many cases this extra budget is absorbed by intermediaries in the supply chain and little actually comes to producers, particularly when they are smallholders. At a more general level, international regulations and treaties, such as the EUDR and the CITES, should push for the integration of satellite data into national policies to define a common understanding of the magnitude and causes of deforestation \u2013 so far, they only give general recommendations.<\/p>\n

Integration of regulations is also essential: countries such as Indonesia have worked on providing guidelines for the sustainable production of key commodities in previous years, but these efforts have rarely been integrated into European policies. Particularly from a technology perspective, such integration could instead solve many of the issues being currently debated around EUDR compliance (particularly tracing and geo-localization). In this sense, technologies can become a key component of a new, holistic approach to the protection of global forests that the world now needs more than ever. (Lorenzo Colantoni, Researcher of the Energy, Climate and Resources programme at the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI).<\/em>
\nSource: iai.it<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This is a key time to protect global forests. While pressure is still strong on many key global ecosystems, such as the Amazon and Borneo, the significant results of governments such as Lula\u2019s in Brazil, as well as the ambitious vision of policies such as the recently enacted \u00a0EU\u2019s Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR), show that the… OPINION: Technologies Can Solve EUDR Issues To Protect Global Forests<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3708,3709],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication","category-recent-news"],"yoast_head":"\nOPINION: Technologies Can Solve EUDR Issues To Protect Global Forests - 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With the legislation impacting the US, stateside paper manufacturers are increasingly worried about meeting the adoption target date. The EU issued the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/palmoil_oilpalm_sawit_pohonsawit_amazonaws.com_.jpg?fit=633%2C356&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/palmoil_oilpalm_sawit_pohonsawit_amazonaws.com_.jpg?fit=633%2C356&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/palmoil_oilpalm_sawit_pohonsawit_amazonaws.com_.jpg?fit=633%2C356&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26798,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2023\/11\/10\/feature-eudr-one-size-fits-all-ignoring-rightful-particularities\/","url_meta":{"origin":26939,"position":1},"title":"FEATURE: EUDR One Size Fits All, Ignoring Rightful Particularities","author":"admin","date":"November 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The European Union needs to pursue dialogs with all countries affected by its implementation of European Union Deforestation-free Regulation (EUDR) to sort out their differences on definitions of forest and deforestation, and other problems related to regulatory gaps, smallholders and technical applications in the producing countries. Enforcing the EUDR without\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/EUDR_palmoil_aprobi.or_.id_.jpg?fit=629%2C397&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/EUDR_palmoil_aprobi.or_.id_.jpg?fit=629%2C397&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/EUDR_palmoil_aprobi.or_.id_.jpg?fit=629%2C397&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26374,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2023\/08\/29\/wri-others-should-learn-from-ris-forest-governance\/","url_meta":{"origin":26939,"position":2},"title":"WRI: Others Should Learn From RI\u2019s Forest Governance","author":"admin","date":"August 29, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Indonesia is now leading the world in reducing deforestation rates, according to statistics from the World Resources Institute (WRI). Its most recent data on global deforestation shows that Indonesia has reduced deforestation rate in primary forests by 65% since 2015, which is more than any other country over the same\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/free_deforestation_sizeofwales.org_.uk_.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/free_deforestation_sizeofwales.org_.uk_.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/free_deforestation_sizeofwales.org_.uk_.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/free_deforestation_sizeofwales.org_.uk_.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26306,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2023\/05\/12\/jokowi-ri-strongly-committed-to-realizing-sustainability\/","url_meta":{"origin":26939,"position":3},"title":"Jokowi: RI Strongly Committed To Realizing Sustainability","author":"admin","date":"May 12, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Jakarta -\u00a0Indonesian President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) highlighted the country's commitment to maintaining environmental sustainability when delivering a speech at the opening ceremony of the Hannover Messe 2023 at the Hannover Congress Centrum, Germany, on Sunday, 16 April 2023. This issue was brought up as the European Union (EU) passed the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/10\/palmoil_tbs_solidaridadnetwork.org_.jpg?fit=870%2C524&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/10\/palmoil_tbs_solidaridadnetwork.org_.jpg?fit=870%2C524&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/10\/palmoil_tbs_solidaridadnetwork.org_.jpg?fit=870%2C524&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/10\/palmoil_tbs_solidaridadnetwork.org_.jpg?fit=870%2C524&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27791,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2024\/04\/29\/eus-global-forest-map-inaccurate-ri-seeking-correction\/","url_meta":{"origin":26939,"position":4},"title":"EU\u2019s Global Forest Map Inaccurate, RI Seeking Correction","author":"admin","date":"April 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"JAKARTA \u2013 The Indonesian government has stated that it is about to embark on a diplomatic mission for correction of the European Union\u2019s (EU) global forest map, which was found inaccurate regarding Indonesia\u2019s forests and deforestation. Agus Justianto, Acting Director General of Sustainable Forest Management at the ministry of environment\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/05\/agus_promediateknologi.id_.jpg?fit=920%2C552&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/05\/agus_promediateknologi.id_.jpg?fit=920%2C552&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/05\/agus_promediateknologi.id_.jpg?fit=920%2C552&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/05\/agus_promediateknologi.id_.jpg?fit=920%2C552&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":26378,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2023\/09\/01\/eudr-inconsistent-with-eus-agriculture-investments-in-ri\/","url_meta":{"origin":26939,"position":5},"title":"EUDR Inconsistent With EU\u2019s Agriculture Investments In RI","author":"admin","date":"September 1, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"JAKARTA \u2013 The decision of European Union (EU) to apply the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) to protect global forests is not consistent with its massive investments in the sectors of plantations, including oil palm, and livestock in Indonesia. The EUDR has restricted Indonesia\u2019s plantation and livestock products, such as palm\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/palmoil_media.licdn_.com_.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/palmoil_media.licdn_.com_.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/palmoil_media.licdn_.com_.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/palmoil_media.licdn_.com_.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/allies-en\/uploads\/2023\/06\/palmoil_media.licdn_.com_.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/11\/palmoil_oilpalm_voi.id_.jpg?fit=750%2C472&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26939"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26941,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26939\/revisions\/26941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}