{"id":30833,"date":"2025-12-03T13:43:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T06:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/?p=30833"},"modified":"2025-12-08T14:37:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T07:37:27","slug":"why-cop30-climate-summit-failed-to-meet-expectations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2025\/12\/03\/why-cop30-climate-summit-failed-to-meet-expectations\/","title":{"rendered":"Why COP30 Climate Summit Failed To Meet Expectations?"},"content":{"rendered":"

OPINION: As the sun set on the Amazon, the promise of a \u201cpeople\u2019s COP\u201d faded with it. The latest UN climate summit \u2013 known as COP30, hosted in the Brazilian city of Bel\u00e9m \u2013 came with the usual geopolitics and the added excitement of a flood and a fire.<\/p>\n

The summit saw Indigenous protests on an unprecedented scale, but the final negotiations were once again dominated by fossil fuel interests and delaying tactics. After 10 years of climate (in)action since the\u00a0Paris agreement<\/a>, Brazil promised COP30 would be an \u201cimplementation Cop<\/a>\u201d. But the summit failed to deliver, even as the world recorded a devastating\u00a01.6\u02daC<\/a>\u00a0of global warming last year.<\/p>\n

Here are our five key observations:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Indigenous groups were present \u2013 but not involved<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Located in Amazonia, this was branded the summit for those on the frontlines of climate change. Over\u00a05,000 Indigenous people<\/a>\u00a0were there, and they certainly made their voices heard.<\/p>\n

    However, only 360 secured passes to the main negotiating \u201cblue zone\u201d, compared to\u00a01,600 delegates<\/a>\u00a0linked to the fossil fuel industry. Inside the negotiating rooms it was business as usual, with Indigenous groups remaining as observers,\u00a0unable to vote or attend closed-door meetings<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    The choice of location was nicely symbolic but logistically tough. Hosting the conference in the Amazon cost hundreds of millions of dollars in a region where many still lack basic amenities.<\/p>\n

    A stark image of this inequality: with hotel rooms full, the Brazilian government even docked two cruise ships for delegates, which per head can have\u00a0eight times the emissions<\/a>\u00a0of a five star hotel.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The power of protests<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      But this was the second largest UN climate summit ever, and the first since\u00a0Glasgow COP26 in 2021<\/a>\u00a0to take place in a country that permits real public protest. That mattered. Protests of various sizes happened every day during the two-week conference, most notably an Indigenous-led \u201cgreat people\u2019s march\u201d on the middle Saturday.<\/p>\n

      The visible pressure helped obtain recognition of\u00a0four new Indigenous territories in Brazil<\/a>. It showed that when civil society has a voice it can secure wins, even outside of the main emissions negotiations.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. US absence creates a vacuum \u2013 and an opportunity<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        In Donald Trump\u2019s first turn as president, the USA sent at least a skeletal group of negotiators. This time, in a historic first, America did not send an official delegation at all.<\/p>\n

        Trump recently\u00a0described climate change<\/a>\u00a0as \u201cthe greatest con job ever perpetrated on the world\u201d, and since returning to power the USA has slowed renewables and expanded oil and gas. It even\u00a0helped scuttle<\/a>\u00a0plans for a net zero framework for global shipping last month.<\/p>\n

        As the USA is rolling back its ambition, it is allowing other oil producing countries like Saudi Arabia to ignore their own climate pledges and to try and undermine others.<\/p>\n

        China has stepped into the void and become one of the loudest voices in the room. As the world\u2019s largest supplier of green technology, Beijing used Cop30 to promote its solar, wind and electric vehicle industries and court countries looking to invest.<\/p>\n

        But for many delegates, the absence of America came as a relief. Without the distraction of the USA attempting to \u201cburn the house down\u201d as it did at the shipping negotiations, the conference was able to get on with the business at hand: negotiating texts and agreements that will limit global warming.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u2018Implementation\u2019 through side deals \u2013 not the main stage<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          So what was actually implemented? This year, the main action happened through voluntary pledges, not the binding global agreement.<\/p>\n

          The\u00a0Bel\u00e9m pledge<\/a>, backed by countries including Japan, India and Brazil, committed signatories to quadruple sustainable fuels production and use by 2035.<\/p>\n

          Brazil also launched a major\u00a0trust fund for forests<\/a>, with around US$6 billion (\u00a34.6 billion) already pledged for communities working to protect rainforests. The EU followed by pledging new funds for the Congo Basin, the world\u2019s second largest rainforest.<\/p>\n

          These are useful steps, but they highlight how the biggest advances at UN climate summits now often happen in the margins, rather than in the main talks.<\/p>\n

          The outcome of those main talks at Cop30 \u2013 the\u00a0Bel\u00e9m package\u00a0\u2013 is weak, and will get us nowhere near the Paris agreement\u2019s target of limiting global warming to 1.5\u02daC. Most striking is the absence of the words \u201cfossil fuels\u201d from the final text even though they were central to the Glasgow climate pact (2021) and the UAE consensus (2023) \u2013 and of course they represent the main cause of climate change.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. The Global Mutir\u00e3o text: a missed opportunity<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            One potential breakthrough did emerge in negotiating rooms: the Global Mutir\u00e3o text, a proposed roadmap to \u201ctransition away\u201d from fossil fuels. More than 80 countries signed it, from EU members to climate-vulnerable Pacific island states.<\/p>\n

            Tina Stege, climate envoy for one of those vulnerable states, the Marshall Islands,\u00a0urged delegates: \u201cLet\u2019s get behind the idea of a fossil fuel roadmap, let\u2019s work together and make it a plan.\u201d<\/p>\n

            But opposition from Saudi Arabia, India and other major fossil fuel producers watered it down. Negotiations stretched into overtime, not helped by a fire that postponed discussions for a day.<\/p>\n

            When the final deal was agreed, key references to a fossil fuel phase-out were missing. There was a backlash from Colombia, due to the lack of inclusion of transition away from fossil fuels, which forced the Cop presidency to offer a six-month review as an olive branch.<\/p>\n

            This was hugely disappointing, as earlier in the summit there seemed to be huge momentum.<\/p>\n

            A widening gulf<\/strong><\/p>\n

            So this was another divisive climate summit. The gulf between oil-producing countries (in particular in the Middle East) and the rest of the world has never been wider.<\/p>\n

            One positive to come out of the summit was the power of organized people: Indigenous groups and civil society made their voices heard, even if they weren\u2019t translated into the final text.<\/p>\n

            With next year\u2019s summit to be held in Turkey, these annual climate summits are increasingly migrating to nations with authoritarian leanings where protests are not welcome or completely banned. Our leaders keep stating that time is running out, yet negotiations themselves remain stuck in never-ending circles of delays. (Simon Chin-Yee<\/em>, Mark Maslin<\/em>, and Priti Parikh<\/em>, respectively lecturer in International Development, UCL.<\/em>, Professor of Earth System Science and UNU Lead for Climate, Health and Security, UCL.\u00a0<\/em>,\u00a0Professor of Infrastructure Engineering and International Development, UCL)<\/em><\/p>\n

            \n

            Eco-business.com. COP30: five reasons the UN climate conference failed to deliver on its \u2018people\u2019s summit\u2019 promise. https:\/\/www.eco-business.com\/opinion\/cop30-five-reasons-the-un-climate-conference-failed-to-deliver-on-its-peoples-summit-promise\/. Dec. 1, 2025<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            OPINION: As the sun set on the Amazon, the promise of a \u201cpeople\u2019s COP\u201d faded with it. The latest UN climate summit \u2013 known as COP30, hosted in the Brazilian city of Bel\u00e9m \u2013 came with the usual geopolitics and the added excitement of a flood and a fire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3708,3709],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication","category-recent-news"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy COP30 Climate Summit Failed To Meet Expectations? 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