{"id":30854,"date":"2025-12-10T16:19:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T09:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/?p=30854"},"modified":"2025-12-11T16:31:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T09:31:09","slug":"floods-and-landslides-in-ri-complex-and-many-factors-at-play","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2025\/12\/10\/floods-and-landslides-in-ri-complex-and-many-factors-at-play\/","title":{"rendered":"Floods And Landslides In RI: Complex And Many Factors At Play"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to public discussions, oil palm plantations are often attributed to natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and forest fires. But actually, such \u00a0environmental realities involve many interconnected factors.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>It is crucial for the public to gain a more comprehensive understanding by examining the issue based on scientific data and more comprehensive field conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Very often conflicting opinions arise. For example, some say that oil palm hinders water absorption, while others say it drains groundwater and can \u00a0trigger drought.\u207d\u00b2\u207e These two conflicting views highlight the need for a more structured, evidence-based explanation.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Hydrological Reality: Many Factors Influence Disasters<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>According to environmental experts, hydrometeorological disasters are not determined by a single type of land use. Several factors are often at play, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inconsistency of spatial planning with environmental carrying capacity.<\/li>\n<li>Deterioration of watershed (DAS) quality and river sedimentation.<\/li>\n<li>Human activities in the upstream watershed, including illegal logging.<\/li>\n<li>Expansion of settlements and economic activity on riverbanks and steep slopes.<\/li>\n<li>Extreme rainfall due to climate change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Given this combination of factors, explaining the causes of floods and landslides requires a more comprehensive study and should not just attribute them to a single commodity or sector.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Scientific Fact: Oil Palm is water-efficient plant<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A number of researchs have revealed several important findings on the hydrological characteristics of oil palm plants:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oil palm is water-efficient as it only requires lower quantity of water if compared to sugarcane, rice, soybeans, cotton, and other vegetable oil crops.<\/li>\n<li>The water footprint of oil palm is one of the lowest among vegetable oil crops.<\/li>\n<li>Oil palm roots can increase infiltration and help recharge groundwater. \u207d\u00b3\u207e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The strong root structure and dense canopy of oil palm trees also help reduce erosion and maintain soil moisture. Certainly, based on these data, oil palm is not a crop that causes drought or inhibits water absorption.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Forest Fires: Causes Identification Should be done carefully<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Forest and land fires (karhutla) are a complex issue that are strongly influenced by weather conditions, land management, and human activities. Productive oil palm plantations have a fundamental interest in preventing fires, as they have the potential to cause significant losses to the growers.<\/p>\n<p>Several studies have found that the primary sources of fires are often related to the following factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Illegal land clearing.<\/li>\n<li>Dry peatland conditions during prolonged dry seasons.<\/li>\n<li>The emergence of hotspots outside plantation areas, which were then spreading.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Therefore, each karhutla incident needs to be analyzed based on the location and context on the ground concerned, rather than based on initial assumptions.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Academic view: Extreme Rainfall as main trigger<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Academics and official institutions have noted that the intensity of \u00a0extreme rainfalls is the major factor that caused the flooding and landslides in Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra provinces.<\/p>\n<p>Prof. Budi Mulyanto from the Center for Palm Oil Studies said that the rainfall in a single day reached the level that typically occurs in a month and a half. This results in the soil being unable to absorb water optimally.<\/p>\n<p>The Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) also noted that the extreme rainfall phenomenon in late November 2025 was the main trigger of flooding and landslides in the regions.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, Prof. Sudarsono Soedomo emphasized that forest degradation in Indonesia has a long history and involves various factors, including illegal logging and weak forest area monitoring long before oil palm plantations were developed.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Oil Palm Role In Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>When managed properly according to the principles of sustainability, oil palm plantations can provide a number of benefits, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sequestering significant amounts of carbon\u207d\u2076\u207e.<\/li>\n<li>Producing large volume of oil from relatively efficient land use\u207d\u00b2\u207e.<\/li>\n<li>Supporting the income of independent smallholder farmers and the economy of rural communities\u207d\u2074\u207e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With its high productivity characteristics and sound management principles, oil palm can be part of a development strategy with special attention to the social and environmental aspects.<\/p>\n<p>Natural disasters such as floods and landslides are multifactorial phenomena. Therefore, their analysis should include aspects of spatial planning, weather, and land management. Oil palm plantations require a relatively low quantity of water and are primarily intended to support infiltration, rather than cause drought. Forest fires often originate from external factors, including human activities and environmental conditions, rather than from productive oil palm plantations. Public discussions on oil palm should be based on scientific data and comprehensive studies.<\/p>\n<p>With more objective understanding, the general public can see the environmental issues more holistically and avoid conclusions that are inconsistent with the real facts on the ground. (*)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\"><sup>[1]<\/sup> Siregar, H., &amp; Susanti, E. (2020). <em>Sawit, Tata Ruang, dan Risiko Banjir di Sumatra<\/em>. Jurnal Pengelolaan DAS Indonesia. <sup>[2]<\/sup> Hoekstra, A. Y., &amp; Mekonnen, M. M. (2012). <em>The Water Footprint of Humanity<\/em>. PNAS. <sup>[3]<\/sup> Hidayat, N. (2018). <em>Konservasi Tanah pada Perkebunan Sawit dan Dampaknya terhadap Pengendalian Erosi<\/em>. Jurnal Tanah Tropika. <sup>[4]<\/sup> Corley, R. H. V., &amp; Tinker, P. B. (2016). <em>The Oil Palm (5th Edition)<\/em>. Wiley-Blackwell. <sup>[5]<\/sup> Purnomo, H., et al. (2019). <em>Fire, Oil Palm, and Land Governance<\/em>. Forest Policy and Economics. <sup>[6]<\/sup> Yusoff, S. (2006). <em>Renewability of Palm Oil: Its Sustainability in Question<\/em>. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. <sup>[7]<\/sup> Beritasatu.com (2025). <em>Pakar Perkebunan Tepis Dugaan Kebun Sawit Pemicu Bencana di Sumatera<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to public discussions, oil palm plantations are often attributed to natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and forest fires. But actually, such \u00a0environmental realities involve many interconnected factors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3708,3709,3712],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publication","category-recent-news","category-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Floods And Landslides In RI: Complex And Many Factors At Play - Gabungan Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (GAPKI)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Natural disasters such as floods and landslides are multifactorial phenomena. 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But it is not true that such natural disasters only occurred in oil palm plantation areas. Please read the following facts to prove it. Besides flooding, landslides have been often attributed to the oil palm\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Myths &amp; Facts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Myths &amp; Facts","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/myths-facts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palmoil_id_idhsustainabletrade.com_.jpg?fit=858%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palmoil_id_idhsustainabletrade.com_.jpg?fit=858%2C574&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palmoil_id_idhsustainabletrade.com_.jpg?fit=858%2C574&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palmoil_id_idhsustainabletrade.com_.jpg?fit=858%2C574&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":30887,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2025\/12\/22\/evaluation-of-flood-causing-factors-based-on-bnpb-2025-data\/","url_meta":{"origin":30854,"position":1},"title":"Evaluation Of Flood Causing Factors Based On BNPB 2025 Data","author":"admin","date":"December 22, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Is it true that oil palm plantations cause flooding? Analysis of flooding based on the latest BNPB 2025 Data. The issue of oil palm plantations as the primary cause of flooding has \u00a0frequently emerged in various regions of Indonesia. But very often such conclusion is drawn without considering empirical data,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Publication&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/palmoil_indonesia_sawit_banjir_gapki.id_.webp?fit=768%2C495&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/palmoil_indonesia_sawit_banjir_gapki.id_.webp?fit=768%2C495&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/palmoil_indonesia_sawit_banjir_gapki.id_.webp?fit=768%2C495&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/palmoil_indonesia_sawit_banjir_gapki.id_.webp?fit=768%2C495&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":30863,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2025\/12\/12\/climate-change-steep-slopes-main-culprits-of-sumatran-floods\/","url_meta":{"origin":30854,"position":2},"title":"Climate Change, Steep Slopes Main Culprits Of Sumatran floods","author":"admin","date":"December 12, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The flash floods that struck Aceh, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra provinces, have once again sparked a public debate over their underlying causes. Many people highlighted the activities of forest exploitation in steeply sloping areas as the contributing factor, which can be worsened by extreme rainfalls as a result of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Publication&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ilustrasi-gambar_gapki.id_curah_hujan_tinggi_gapki.id_.jpg?fit=1002%2C566&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ilustrasi-gambar_gapki.id_curah_hujan_tinggi_gapki.id_.jpg?fit=1002%2C566&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ilustrasi-gambar_gapki.id_curah_hujan_tinggi_gapki.id_.jpg?fit=1002%2C566&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ilustrasi-gambar_gapki.id_curah_hujan_tinggi_gapki.id_.jpg?fit=1002%2C566&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27626,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2024\/03\/16\/opinion-time-to-embrace-science-and-sensibility-in-palm-oil-talks\/","url_meta":{"origin":30854,"position":3},"title":"OPINION: Time To Embrace Science and Sensibility In Palm Oil Talks","author":"admin","date":"March 16, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In recent years, the palm oil industry in Indonesia has faced intense scrutiny and criticism, primarily concerning its impact on deforestation and the environment. Activists, both domestically and internationally, have often resorted to calls for boycotts of bulk commodities (including palm oil) as a solution to deforestation, driven by the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Publication&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/03\/palmoil_oilpalm_photo_ssms.co_.id_.jpg?fit=515%2C340&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":31017,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2026\/01\/27\/smallholders-call-for-founding-of-palm-authority-body\/","url_meta":{"origin":30854,"position":4},"title":"Smallholders Call For Founding of Palm Authority Body","author":"admin","date":"January 27, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"JAKARTA \u2013 Oil palm smallholders grouped under the Association of Indonesian Oil Palm Smallholders (Apkasindo) have urged the government to immediately establish a Palm Oil Authority Body, aimed at developing palm oil as a strategic commodity within Indonesia\u2019s national development program. Apkasindo Chairman Gulat ME Manurung said in a press\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Publication&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tbs_petani_sindonews.net_.jpg?fit=844%2C493&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tbs_petani_sindonews.net_.jpg?fit=844%2C493&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tbs_petani_sindonews.net_.jpg?fit=844%2C493&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/09\/tbs_petani_sindonews.net_.jpg?fit=844%2C493&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":28806,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2024\/10\/28\/palm-oil-and-global-climate-are-they-really-related\/","url_meta":{"origin":30854,"position":5},"title":"Palm Oil And Global Climate: Are They Really Related?","author":"admin","date":"October 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"JAKARTA -\u00a0The global climate change is caused by the expansion of oil palm plantations. Such is a statement made by certain groups of people. But is it factual or just fictional or mythical? Find out the answer to the question in the following facts. The global climate change has become\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Myths &amp; Facts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Myths &amp; Facts","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/myths-facts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pemanasan_global_ugm_ac_id.webp?fit=711%2C440&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pemanasan_global_ugm_ac_id.webp?fit=711%2C440&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pemanasan_global_ugm_ac_id.webp?fit=711%2C440&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pemanasan_global_ugm_ac_id.webp?fit=711%2C440&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ilustrasi_banjir_longsor_gapki.id_.jpg?fit=1022%2C631&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30854"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30857,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30854\/revisions\/30857"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}