{"id":32367,"date":"2026-10-01T16:26:38","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/?p=32367"},"modified":"2026-10-13T16:31:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T09:31:09","slug":"palm-gasoline-and-electric-vehicles-two-energy-alternatives-for-ris-transportation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2026\/10\/01\/palm-gasoline-and-electric-vehicles-two-energy-alternatives-for-ris-transportation\/","title":{"rendered":"Palm Gasoline and Electric Vehicles: Two Energy Alternatives For RI\u2019s Transportation"},"content":{"rendered":"

The energy need of Indonesia’s transportation sector has been continually growing alongside the rising public mobility and the demand to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Various energy options are being pursued, ranging from biofuels based on domestic resources to vehicle electrification.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Atracting special attention are two approaches: Palm-based gasoline and electric vehicles. Each possesses distinct characteristics, advantages, and challenges. Therefore, it is more appropriate to view them as part of a range of options of transport energy technology, rather than simply as two technologies destined to replace one another.<\/p>\n

Palm-Based Gasoline: Raising Palm Oil’s Added-Value for Energy<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Palm-based gasoline\u2014formerly developed under the name “Bensa” (Bensin Sawit)\u2014is a fuel produced by converting palm oil into hydrocarbons that possess the characteristics of gasoline.\u00b9 The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), in collaboration with the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), previously developed Bensa at a pilot scale.\u00b2 During this development, Industrial Vegetable Oil (IVO) was converted through a cracking process utilizing a zeolite-based catalyst.\u00b3<\/p>\n

At that stage, Bensa development remained in the pilot project phase and required further study before it could be advanced to a commercial scale.\u2074<\/p>\n

The development of Bensa is significant because it opens up the possibility of utilizing palm oil not only as a feedstock for biodiesel but also as a source of fuel with gasoline-like characteristics.<\/p>\n

However, it is important to distinguish Bensa from bioethanol. Bioethanol is a biofuel that can be blended with gasoline. One example is E5, which consists of RON 95 gasoline blended with 5 percent bioethanol. The government has established standards and specifications for this type of fuel.\u2075<\/p>\n

Advantages of palm-based gasoline <\/strong><\/h2>\n

A key advantage of palm-based fuel is the utilization of domestically available resources. As the world’s largest producer of palm oil, Indonesia can incorporate the development of downstream palm-based products into its energy diversification strategy.\u2076<\/p>\n

Palm-based gasoline also offers the potential to leverage the existing ecosystem for liquid-fueled vehicles. Vehicles with internal combustion engine are already widely used, while the distribution of liquid fuel is supported by established logistics infrastructure and refueling networks.<\/p>\n

From an energy security perspective, utilizing domestic resources also has the potential to reduce reliance on imported petroleum fuels.\u2076<\/p>\n

Indonesia’s experience in developing biodiesel demonstrates that palm oil can play a role in national energy policy. In July 2026, the government had started implementing the B50 mandate as part of efforts to strengthen energy resilience while simultaneously boosting domestic consumption of crude palm oil (CPO).\u2077<\/p>\n

Challenges in developing palm-based gasoline<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Despite its potential, the development of palm-based gasoline still faces several challenges. The first challenge concerns economies of scale and the commercial readiness of the technology. Unlike biodiesel, which has already been implemented on a national scale, palm-based gasoline requires further technological development, economic feasibility studies, standardization, and industrial readiness before it can be widely adopted.\u2074<\/p>\n

The second challenge relates to the availability and allocation of raw materials. Utilizing palm oil for energy requires balancing the needs of various sectors, including food, oleochemicals, biofuels, and other downstream products.<\/p>\n

The third challenge involves environmental aspects. Biomass-based fuel does not render vehicles emission-free. When burned in an internal combustion engine, the fuel still generates emissions during the combustion process.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the environmental benefits of palm-based fuel must be comprehensively assessed using a life-cycle approach, covering everything from raw material production, processing, and distribution to actual use in vehicles.<\/p>\n

Electric vehicles: Efficiency through electrification<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Unlike vehicles powered by liquid fuels, electric vehicles utilize electrical energy stored in batteries to drive an electric motor.<\/p>\n

The Indonesian government continues to develop the electric vehicle ecosystem as part of its initiatives to electrify transportation, improve energy efficiency, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.\u2078<\/p>\n

A key characteristic of electric vehicles is their energy efficiency. Electric motors convert electrical energy into motion with much higher efficiency than internal combustion engines.\u2079<\/p>\n

Furthermore, electric vehicles do not produce direct exhaust emissions. This characteristic is a crucial factor in the adoption of electric vehicles, particularly in densely populated urban areas with high traffic volumes.\u00b9\u2070<\/p>\n

Challenges of developing electric vehicles<\/strong><\/h2>\n

On the other hand, the electrification of transport requires the development of an ecosystem distinct from that of conventional vehicles.<\/p>\n

This ecosystem encompasses charging infrastructure, the power grid, the battery industry, and the mineral supply chains necessary for battery production.<\/p>\n

From the user’s perspective, battery charging times also differ from liquid fuel refueling. While fast-charging infrastructure continues to expand, electric vehicle usage patterns retain characteristics that distinguish them from those of liquid-fueled vehicles.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, the environmental benefits of electric vehicles are not determined solely by the vehicles themselves. The source of electricity used to charge the batteries also influences the energy system’s overall emissions.\u00b9\u00b9<\/p>\n

Thus, the cleaner the electricity source used, the greater the potential for emission reductions through the electrification of transport.<\/p>\n

Palm gasoline and electric vehicles are not only for competition<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Palm-based gasoline and electric vehicles essentially employ different technological approaches. Palm-based gasoline retains the use of liquid fuel in internal combustion engines, whereas electric vehicles utilize direct electrification via electric motors.<\/p>\n

This distinction allows both to occupy different niches within Indonesia’s transportation system.<\/p>\n

For passenger vehicles\u2014particularly in urban areas\u2014electrification stands out as a key option due to its efficiency and the absence of direct tailpipe emissions.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, biofuels remain relevant in transportation sectors that require liquid fuel, especially in segments where electrification still faces technical, infrastructural, or economic challenges.<\/p>\n

This approach of technological diversification is also evident in the evolution of Indonesia’s energy policy. Following the implementation of B50 in 2026, the government is also advancing the use of other biofuels, including bioethanol through the development of E50.\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n

Towards Indonesia’s Transport Energy Mix<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The debate on the future of transportation need should not be limited to the question of whether biofuels or electricity will replace fossil fuels.<\/p>\n

A more relevant question is how each technology can be optimally utilized based on its specific characteristics, requirements, and infrastructure readiness.<\/p>\n

Indonesia possesses vast palm oil resources alongside the potential to develop electric energy and an electric vehicle industry. Both can form part of the national energy diversification strategy.<\/p>\n

Developing palm-based fuels can support downstream industrialization and enhance the utilization of domestic resources. Meanwhile, electrification can improve energy efficiency in suitable segments of the transport sector.<\/p>\n

With this approach, the future of Indonesia’s transport energy need should not be viewed as a choice between palm-based fuel and electric vehicles. However, it should be seen as an effort to build a transport energy mix that is increasingly diverse, efficient, and aligned with national resources and needs.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, Indonesia’s transport technologies can evolve side by side. Biofuels, electric vehicles, and other energy technologies can each play a role in the transition toward a transportation system that is more diverse and robust in terms of energy resilience. (*)<\/p>\n

\n

[1] Institut Teknologi Bandung, \u201cKerja Sama dengan BPDPKS, ITB Kembangkan Bensin Sawit (Bensa),\u201d itb.ac.id. https:\/\/itb.ac.id\/berita\/kerja-sama-dengan-bpdpks-itb-kembangkan-bensin-sawit-bensa\/58377<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] Kementerian ESDM, \u201cSukses dengan Biodiesel dan Bioavtur, Kini Pemerintah Uji Coba Bensin Sawit,\u201d esdm.go.id, Januari 2022. https:\/\/www.esdm.go.id\/id\/media-center\/arsip-berita\/sukses-dengan-biodesel-dan-bioavtur-kini-pemerintah-uji-coba-bensin-sawit<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] Ibid. Proses perengkahan dan katalis zeolit dikembangkan oleh Pusat Rekayasa Katalisis ITB (PRK ITB) dan Laboratorium Teknik Reaksi Kimia dan Katalis ITB (LTRKK ITB).<\/p>\n

[4] \u201cBensin Minyak Kelapa Sawit Mulai Diuji Coba,\u201d Dunia Energi, 25 Januari 2022. https:\/\/www.dunia-energi.com\/bensin-minyak-kepala-sawit-mulai-diuji-coba\/<\/a> Lihat juga [2] untuk rencana FS dan DED pabrik berkapasitas 238,5 kl per hari.<\/p>\n

[5] Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi No. 252.K\/HK.02\/DJM\/2023 tentang Standar dan Mutu (Spesifikasi) BBM Jenis Bensin RON 95 dengan Campuran Bioetanol 5% (E5). https:\/\/migas.esdm.go.id\/post\/keputusan-dirjen-migas-tentang-standar-dan-mutu-spesifikasi-bahan-bakar-minyak-jenis-bensin-gasoline-ron-95-dengan-campuran-bioetanol-5-e5-yang-dipasarkan-di-dalam-negeri<\/a><\/p>\n

[6] Institut Teknologi Bandung, op. cit. [1]. Memuat data produksi sawit Indonesia sebagai yang terbesar di dunia dan posisinya sebagai pengimpor bensin terbesar kedua di dunia.<\/p>\n

[7] \u201cPeluncuran B50 dan E5 memperkuat jalan Indonesia menuju swasembada energi,\u201d ANTARA, 10 Juli 2026. https:\/\/mataram.antaranews.com\/berita\/561723\/peluncuran-b50-dan-e5-memperkuat-jalan-indonesia-menuju-swasembada-energi<\/a> Lihat juga \u201cResmi Diluncurkan, Mandatori Biodiesel B50 Jadi Pilar Swasembada Energi 2026,\u201d Republika, 9 Juli 2026. https:\/\/news.republika.co.id\/berita\/thxgfv4230000\/resmi-diluncurkan-mandatori-biodiesel-b50-jadi-pilar-swasembada-energi-2026<\/a> Dasar hukum: Kepmen ESDM No. 257.K\/EK.01\/MEM.E\/2026, berlaku 1 Juli 2026. https:\/\/www.cnbcindonesia.com\/news\/20260701080925-4-747027\/resmi-mandatori-bbm-biodiesel-b50-berlaku-1-juli-2026-ini-aturannya<\/a><\/p>\n

[8] Peraturan Presiden No. 79 Tahun 2023 tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 55 Tahun 2019 tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai untuk Transportasi Jalan. https:\/\/jdih.kemenkeu.go.id\/dok\/perpres-79-tahun-2023<\/a><\/p>\n

[9] International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024<\/em>, bagian \u201cOutlook for emissions reductions.\u201d https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2024\/outlook-for-emissions-reductions<\/a><\/p>\n

[10] International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024<\/em>, bagian \u201cTrends in electric cars.\u201d IEA menyebut elektrifikasi juga mengurangi polusi udara dan emisi non-knalpot, terutama di perkotaan. https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2024\/trends-in-electric-cars<\/a><\/p>\n

[11] International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2019<\/em>. Penghematan emisi bergantung pada bauran pembangkit listrik. https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2019<\/a><\/p>\n

[12] \u201cTarget E50: Tantangan Pasokan dan Industri Bioetanol,\u201d IDN Times. https:\/\/www.idntimes.com\/business\/economy\/tantangan-dan-ambisi-prabowo-kejar-e50-00-bvq5c-2c8pld<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Beyond its established contribution to biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), palm oil also offers the potential to produce gasoline alternatives through two distinct technological\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol-vs-bensin-sawit___.webp?fit=1200%2C621&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol-vs-bensin-sawit___.webp?fit=1200%2C621&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol-vs-bensin-sawit___.webp?fit=1200%2C621&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol-vs-bensin-sawit___.webp?fit=1200%2C621&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol-vs-bensin-sawit___.webp?fit=1200%2C621&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":31755,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2026\/08\/12\/bioethanol-and-biogasoline-complementary-kinds-of-palm-biofuel\/","url_meta":{"origin":32367,"position":1},"title":"Bioethanol and Biogasoline: Complementary Kinds of Palm Biofuel","author":"admin","date":"August 12, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Palm oil has been playing a more strategic role in supporting Indonesia to implement its energy transition program from the dominant use of fossil fuels to green and renewable energy sources. After being successful in using it as raw material to produce biodiesel and bioavtur, the country has envisioned to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol____cpo___.jpg?fit=771%2C388&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol____cpo___.jpg?fit=771%2C388&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol____cpo___.jpg?fit=771%2C388&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bioethanol____cpo___.jpg?fit=771%2C388&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21108,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2022\/01\/23\/palm-gasoline-quality-exceeds-fossil-based-pertamax-turbo\/","url_meta":{"origin":32367,"position":2},"title":"Palm Gasoline Quality Exceeds Fossil-Based Pertamax TURBO","author":"admin","date":"January 23, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"JAKARTA \u2013 After the success of producing biodiesel 30 percent (B30) with the mixture of 30 percent fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from crude palm oil (CPO), Indonesia has now seen a new success of producing palm gasoline, a mixture of palm oil and fossil-derived gasoline which is locally called\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Publication"","block_context":{"text":"Publication","link":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/category\/publication\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bensinsawit_mutu_gridoto.com_-1.jpg?fit=698%2C375&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bensinsawit_mutu_gridoto.com_-1.jpg?fit=698%2C375&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gapki.id\/en\/dir-site\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bensinsawit_mutu_gridoto.com_-1.jpg?fit=698%2C375&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21104,"url":"https:\/\/gapki.id\/en\/news\/2022\/01\/21\/palm-gasoline-successfully-tested-in-vehicles\/","url_meta":{"origin":32367,"position":3},"title":"Palm Gasoline Successfully Tested In Vehicles","author":"admin","date":"January 21, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Bandung - Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) managed to develop a pilot project of palm gasoline by using 100% crude palm oil (CPO) as its raw material. 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